![]() Firstly, a vast multitude of cyber weapons exists ranging from highly advanced to much more basic. Consequently, there are a few things which can be deduced about cyber warfare from the above definitions. All three definitions have one primary aspect in common: they all agree that cyber weapons are the tools of harm. A third definition is provided by the US Air Force which interprets weapons as “devices designed to kill, injure, disable or temporarily incapacitate people, or destroy, damage or temporarily incapacitate property or material” (US Air Force Instructions, Legal Review of Weapons and Cyber Capabilities, p. It states that this definition is applicable to International Armed Conflicts and Non-International Armed Conflicts.Īcademics such as Rid and McBurney define cyber weapons as a “computer code that is used, or designed to be used, with the aim of threatening or causing physical, functional, or mental harm to structures, systems, or living things” (Ridd, Cyber Weapons p. Subsequently, it defines cyber weapons as “cyber means of warfare that are used, designed, or intended to be used to cause injury to, or death of, persons or damage to, or destruction of, objects, that is, that result in the consequences required for qualification of a cyber operation as an attack” (ibid). This broad definition allows for cyber warfare to encompass cyber devices, equipment, or software used, designed, or intended to be used to conduct a cyber attack. In this context, a weapon is the part of the system which causes damage or injury. This definition notes that the ‘means of cyber warfare’ include cyber weapons and cyber weapon systems. ![]() The Tallinn Manual 2.0 distinguishes between (a) the means, and (b) the methods of cyber warfare as being: a) cyber weapons and their associated cyber systems b) cyber tactics, techniques, and procedures by which hostilities are conducted (Tallinn Manual, p. There is no unanimously agreed definition of cyber warfare, however there are a few authoritative drafts. ![]()
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